More than half (53 per cent) of the 233,670 pensioners on the Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT) payroll currently receive less than GHC1000 per month, the director of planning, research and monitoring has said.
Out of this number, he said 1,669 people were on low pensions of less than GHC300 per month, with 26,571 of them receiving pensions between GHC301 and GHC499.
The next bracket is people who receive GHC501 but less than GHC1000 and the number is 124,655. This means that cumulatively, 152,895 people earn pensions less than GHC1000 which represents 53 per cent of the total number.
Amartey-Vondee said this was part of the reasons for the diversification of the pension base which led to the introduction of the three-tier pension scheme in 2010.
He was speaking at a stakeholder engagement organised by Old Mutual Ghana. “The main reason for the reforms was to diversify the pension’s income base,” he stated.
After January 2010, the pension provision base was diversified and the three-tier pension system was introduced
He, therefore, urged workers to take advantage of the three-tier pension scheme to enhance their pension income.
“The highest pensioner is currently receiving over GHC129,000 per month. You can reach that level if you contribute appropriately to the right kind of schemes,” he stated.
National Pensions Act
Amartey-Vondee also noted that one of the causes of the low pension incomes had to do with the National Pensions Act and how it defined salary as the basis of contributing to the SSNIT scheme.
“This restricts the contributions salary to the basic salary but we found that most people receive allowances that are even more than their salaries but the law does not encourage them to contribute based on their basic salary plus their allowances.
He said while SSNIT had an active contributor population of about 1.6 million people, 25 per cent of this number contribute on salaries of GHC400 or less.
“About 50 per cent contribute on basic salaries of less than GHC1000, while 71 per cent contribute on salaries of less than GHC1800. It is only four per cent who contribute on salaries of GHC5000 and above and this is equally reflected in the low pensions that people receive,” he explained.
Going forward, he called for the need to consolidate salaries as a basis for contributing to the various pension schemes.
Three-tier pension scheme
He said the three-tier pension scheme had fared pretty well, 10 years after its introduction, with the private schemes doing much better than the SSNIT scheme.
“If you look at the SSNIT scheme, you get approximately 11 per cent of the contributor’s salary as a contribution to the scheme. The second tier gets about five per cent, with the third tier scheme getting up to 6.5 per cent of your salary.
“But within 10 years, these private schemes have an asset base which is more than twice the asset base of SSNIT and this is despite SSNIT being around for more than half a century.
On how this has helped retirees, he said the results were still unfolding. “The first batch of people who retired under the three-tier pension scheme did that in 2020 and the regulator is still monitoring that situation, but generally, it’s been very positive,” he said.
Annuity products
The Deputy Commissioner of Insurance, Michael Andoh, also speaking at the forum, advised workers to consider annuity products for guaranteed pension incomes.
Annuity products are products that guarantee pensioners monthly incomes for a period of time and in some cases till death. It requires the pensioner to pay a lump sum to an insurance company which will then be invested and paid back to the retiree on a monthly basis.
Andoh said the National Insurance Commission (NIC) has built extra walls around the annuity business.
“The basic insurance walls are there but there are extra walls for the annuity business. To be able to offer an annuity product, there are additional capital and solvency requirements that you have to meet in addition to what all the other companies are meeting.
“There are some other additional regulatory requirements that you are also supposed to meet. You are also required to separate the annuity funds from all the other company funds, you are also supposed to get a trustee to hold the fund,” he explained.
He said all these are meant to protect retirees. “There are other market conduct protections as well and there is a whole framework that will soon be out to protect the annuity business,” he stated.
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